Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Off-grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Barium Hidroksida

Nurfatihayati; Zuchra Helwani; Syaiful Bahri

doi:10.32734/jtk.v14i1.17736

Authors

Nurfatihayati Universitas Riau
Zuchra Helwani Universitas Riau
Syaiful Bahri Universitas Riau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v14i1.17736

Keywords:

barium hydroxide, biodiesel, esterification, off-grade palm oil, transesterification

Abstract

This research aimed to produce biodiesel from off-grade palm oil using barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂) catalyst. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in off-grade palm oil is quite high, so the biodiesel production process is carried out in two-stages, i.e. esterification and transesterification. The esterification of off-grade palm oil (500 mL) was carried out at 60 ^oC for 1 hour, methanol:oil molar ratio of 12:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, and 1 wt-% sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as the catalyst. Next, the transesterification process used a methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, for 2 hours with the variation of temperatures (50, 60, and 70 ^oC) and Ba(OH)₂ catalyst amounts (1, 2 and 3 wt-%). The best result was obtained with 60 ^oC and Ba(OH)₂ catalyst amount 3 wt-%. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, the best yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 98.97%, with major components being 40.87% palmitic acid and 35.87% oleic acid. The characteristics of biodiesel produced were density of 860.46 kg/m³, viscosity of 4.08 mm/s², flash point of 145 ^oC and acid value of 0.457 mg KOH/g biodiesel.

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