Elektro-Fenton sebagai Pra-pengolahan POME Menggunakan Elektroda Fe-Grafit: Keunggulan pH Alami dan Analisis Kinetika

Nita Widyastuti; Rara Ayu Lestary; Sri Mundarti; Ra'ida Raudhatussya'rifah; Hadistya Suryadri; Oki Alfernando; Nazarudin; Perdana Alfarez; Rifan Rizki

doi:10.32734/jtk.v15i2.23718

Authors

Nita Widyastuti Universitas Jambi
Rara Ayu Lestary Universitas Jambi
Sri Mundarti Universitas Jambi
Ra'ida Raudhatussya'rifah Universitas Jambi
Hadistya Suryadri Universitas Jambi
Oki Alfernando Universitas Jambi
Nazarudin Universitas Jambi
Perdana Alfarez Universitas Jambi
Rifan Rizki Universitas Jambi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v15i2.23718

Keywords:

POME, electro-Fenton, COD degradation, Fe-graphite electrode, pretreatment

Abstract

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with high COD concentrations (15,000–100,000 mg/L) poses significant environmental risks. This study evaluates the electro-Fenton method using Fe-graphite electrodes as a POME pretreatment unit. The impact of initial pH (4, 5.5, and 7) was examined under fixed conditions: 0.4 A current, 60-minute duration, 0.425 H₂O₂/COD ratio, 300 rpm stirring, and 3 cm electrode spacing. Results indicated the highest COD degradation at pH 7 (34.00%), followed by pH 4 (28.22%) and pH 5.5 (21.55%). The process at pH 4 was best described by a first-order kinetic model (R² = 0.8936). The novelty of this work lies in the effectiveness of the system at natural POME pH (pH 4), enabling significant degradation without pH adjustment to enhance economic feasibility. Furthermore, an 11 ^oC temperature rise from Joule heating accelerated hydroxyl radical (•OH) diffusion. This method shows promise as an efficient POME pretreatment for biological process integration.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] S. E. Putra et al., “Analysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Quality,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 481, pp. 1–10, 2024, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202448103001.

[2] Y. M. U. N. Tang, K. T. A. T. Tan, and L. P. Wong, “Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) As a Source of Biofuels and Value-Added Products Via Oil Recovery: a Review,” J. Oil Palm Res., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 534–546, 2024, doi: 10.21894/jopr.2023.0056.

[3] P. L. Soo, L. P. Wong, M. J. K. Bashir, X. Guo, and Y. Wei, “Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Enhanced Biofilm Reactor: Performance and Microbial Dynamics in POME Treatment,” Environments, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 22, 2026, doi: 10.3390/environments13010022.

[4] N. D. Totewad, B. Patra, and S. Warangkar, “Conventional and Advanced Technologies for Bioremediation of Wastewater Pollutants,” Int. J. Adv. Res., vol. 10, no. 07, pp. 372–384, 2022, doi: 10.21474/ijar01/15044.

[5] E. Marlina and Purwanto, “Electro-Fenton for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 125, no. 201 9, pp. 1–5, 2019, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/201912503003.

[6] M. Á. Fernández de Dios, O. Iglesias, M. Pazos, and M. Á. Sanromán, “Application of Electro-Fenton Technology to Remediation of Polluted Effluents by Self-Sustaining Process,” Sci. World J., vol. 2014, pp. 1–8, 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/801870.

[7] Y. Yavuz, “EC and EF processes for the treatment of alcohol distillery wastewater,” vol. 53, pp. 135–140, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.08.022.

[8] M. Pushpalatha and B. M. Krishna, “Electro-Fenton Process for Waste Water Treatment A Review,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Ideas Innov. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 439–451, 2017.

[9] R. D. Al Bostami, A. Al Othman, M. Tawalbeh, K. N. McPhedran, and M. M. A. Shirazi, “Treatment and valorization of spent caustic brine: A critical review with emphasis on membrane technologies,” Chemosphere, vol. 395, no. September 2025, p. 144835, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144835.

[10] N. Widyastuti, M. Hidayat, and C. W. Purnomo, “Enhanced Biogas Production from Sugarcane Vinasse using Electro-Fenton as Pre-treatment Method,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 830, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012079.

[11] D. C. Hakika, S. Sarto, A. Mindaryani, and M. Hidayat, “Decreasing COD in sugarcane vinasse using the fenton reaction: The effect of processing parameters,” Catalysts, vol. 9, no. 11, 2019, doi: 10.3390/catal9110881.

[12] J. Lach, “Analysis of the Differences Resulting from the Determination of Langmuir Isotherm Coefficients from Linear and Non-Linear Forms—A Case Study,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 18, no. 15, 2025, doi: 10.3390/ma18153506.

[13] Z. Wang et al., “Strategies based on electron donors to accelerate Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle in Fenton or Fenton-like processes,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 454, no. August 2022, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140096.

[14] V. Poza-Nogueiras, E. Rosales, M. Pazos, and M. Á. Sanromán, “Current advances and trends in electro-Fenton process using heterogeneous catalysts – A review,” Chemosphere, vol. 201, pp. 399–416, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.002.

[15] I. Syaichurrozi, S. Sarto, W. B. Sediawan, and M. Hidayat, “Effect of current and initial ph on electrocoagulation in treating the distillery spent wash with very high pollutant content,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.3390/w13010011.

[16] Y. Soltan, K. Bani-Melhem, M. Ba-Abbad, F. Almomani, and A. Al-Muhtaseb, “Optimization of Aluminum Electrocoagulation Parameters for Nutrient Removal from Hydroponic Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 17, no. 23, pp. 1–23, 2025, doi: 10.3390/w17233346.

[17] S. Gonawala, “Electro Fenton Process: Modern Method of Wastewater Treatment,” pp. 1–3, 2014.

[18] U. T. Un, S. Topal, E. Oduncu, and U. B. Ogutveren, “Treatment of Tissue Paper Wastewater : Application of Electro-Fenton Method,” vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 415–418, 2015, doi: 10.7763/IJESD.2015.V6.628.

[19] K. R. M. Senguttuvan, S. Kuppusamy, and K. Sellappa, “Comparative Study of Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes for the Treatment of Distillery Wastewater: Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Kinetic Analysis,” Glob. Nest J., vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1–9, 2025, doi: 10.30955/gnj.07452.

[20] L. F. Guerreiro, C. S. D. Rodrigues, R. M. Duda, R. A. de Oliveira, R. A. R. Boaventura, and L. M. Madeira, “Treatment of sugarcane vinasse by combination of coagulation/flocculation and Fenton’s oxidation,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 181, pp. 237–248, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.027.

[21] X. Li, S. Chen, I. Angelidaki, and Y. Zhang, “Bio-electro-Fenton processes for wastewater treatment: Advances and prospects,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 354, no. February, pp. 492–506, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.052.