Pengujian Kualitas Biodiesel dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dengan Katalis Heterogen Abu Daun Kucai (Allium schoenoprasum): Parameter Berat Katalis, Rasio Mol Minyak Terhadap Metanol dan Waktu Reaksi

Okta Bani; David; Toby  Febianto

doi:10.32734/jtk.v11i2.8924

Authors

Okta Bani Departemen Teknik Kimia, Universitas Sumatera Utara
David Departemen Teknik Kimia, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Toby Febianto Departemen Teknik Kimia, Universitas Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v11i2.8924

Keywords:

biodiesel, chives, characterization, heterogenous catalyst, transesterification

Abstract

The Chives’s Plant (Allium schoenoprasum) came from the wild ancestors that is the native of European and Asian. The ash of chive leaves contain considerable amount of metal, enabling its usage as catalyst in the making of biodiesel. Based on the Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) characterization, chive leaf ash calcined at 600 ˚C contained 26.14% potassium oxide, 17.55 calcium oxide, 21.94% carbon, and 22.05% phosphorus pentoxide. The ash of chive leaves later on, used as the catalyst on the biodiesel making from the palm oil. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.42% was achieved at reaction temperature of 60 ˚C, 3% catalyst amount, ratio of oil and methanol 1:12, and reaction time 120 minutes. Based on its density, viscosity, moisture, and total glycerol biodiesel has met the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7182:2015. However, the purity of biodiesel still haven’t met the standards, in which methyl ester content was 69.13% and the triglyceride was 18.83%.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A. K. Sharma, P. K. Sharma, V. Chintala, N. Khatri and A. Patel, “Environment-friendly biodiesel/diesel blends for improving the exhaust emission and engine performance to reduce the pollutants emitted from transportation fleets,” J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1–18, 2020.

T. Mizik, and G. Gyarmat, “Economic and sustainability of biodiesel production - a systematic literature review,” Clean Technol, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 19–36, 2021.

H. Niawanti, “Review perkembangan metode produksi dan teknologi pemurnian dalam pembuatan biodiesel,” J. Chemur, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 27–35, 2020.

E. Mardawati, M. S. Hidayat, D. M. Rahmah and S. Rosalinda, “Produksi biodiesel dari minyak kelapa sawit kasar off grade dengan variasi pengaruh asam sulfat pada proses esterifikasi terhadap mutu biodiesel yang dihasilkan,” J. Indus. Pertan. vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 46–60, 2019.

R. S. B. Ferreira, R. M. dos Passos, K. A. Sampaio and E. A. C. Batista, “Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review,” Food and Public Health. Brazil, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 125–137, 2019.

Wahyudin, A. H. Tambunan, N. Purwanti, Joelianingsih and H. Nabetani, “Tinjauan perkembangan proses katalitik heterogen dan non-katalitik untuk produksi biodiesel,” J. Ketekni. Pertani. Indonesia, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 123–130, 2018.

M. O. Faraque, A. A. Razzak and M. M. Hossain, “Application of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from microalgal oil—A review,” Catalysts, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1–25, 2020.

Erwin, O. Patibong and S. P. Pasaribu, “Pemanfaatan abu batang pisang (Musa Paradisiaca) dengan variasi berat abu sebagai katalis dalam pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah,” Chimica Acta. Indonesia, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 12–20, 2014.

Kusyanto and P. A. Hasmara, “Pemanfaatan abu sekam padi menjadi katalis heterogen dalam pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak sawit,” J. Trop Pharm. Chem, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 14–21, 2017.

T. M. I. Mahlia, Z. A. H. S. Syazmi, M. Mofijur, A. E. Pg Abas, M. R. Bilad, H. C. Ong and A. S. Silitonga, “Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates,” Renewable and Sustaianable Energy Reviews, vol. 118, pp. 1–9, 2020.

A. H. M. Rasmey, M. A. Tawfik and M. M. A. Kareem, “Direct transesterification of fatty acids produced by Fusarium solani for biodiesel production: Effect of carbon and nitrogen on lipid accumulation in the fungal biomass,” J. App. Microbiol, vol. 128, no. 4, pp. 1074-1085, 2019.

L. Laila and L. Oktavia. “Kaji eksperimen angka asam and viskositas biodiesel berbahan baku minyak kelapa sawit dari PT Smart Tbk.,” J. Teknol. Proses Inov. Indus, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27–31, 2017.

Anonim, Establishment of The Guidelines for the Development of Biodiesel Standards in the APEC Region, APEC Expert Group on New and Renewable Energy Technologies, Texas, 2008.

N. F. Sulaiman, A. N. N. Hashim, S. Toemen, S. J. M. Rosid, W Nur Aini W. Mokhtar, R. Nadarajan and W. A. W. A. Bakar, “Biodiesel production from refined used cooking oil using co-metal oxide catalyzed transesterification,” Renewable Energy, vol. 153, pp. 1–11, 2020.

A. B. Mapossa, J. Dantas and A. C. F. M. Costa, “Transesterification reaction for biodiesel production from soybean oil using Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanomagnetic catalyst: Kinetic study,” Int. J. Ener. Resear. Brazil, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 1-11, 2020.

A. E. A. Snafi, “Pharmacological Effects Of Allium Species Grown In Iraq,” Int. J. Pharma. Health Care Rese., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 132–147, 2013.

W. Tang, X. Wu, D. Li, Z. Wang, G. Liu, H. Liu and Y. Chen, “Oxalate route for promoting activity of manganese oxide catalysts in total VOCs’ oxidation: Effect of calcination temperature and preparation method,” J. Mater. Chem. A. vol. 2, pp. 2544–2554, 2013.

Anonim, Pedoman Penanganan dan Penyimpanan Biodiesel dan Campuran Biodiesel (B30), Indonesia: Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2020.

Taslim, F. Irawan, dan Iriany, “Moringa leaves (Moringa oleivera) potential as green catalyst for biodiesel production,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, 2018.

S. Oko, and M. Feri, “Pengembangan katalis CaO dari cangkang telur ayam dengan impregnasi KOH dan aplikasinya terhadap pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jarak,” J. Teknol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 103-110, 2019.

B. Oladipo, T. V. Ojumu, and E. Betiku, “Potential of pawpaw peels as a base heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: modeling and optimization studies,” Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers 48th Annual Conference, pp. 1-11, 2018.

Sukaryo, S. D. Purwaningram, and A. Zulaidah, “Pembuatan biodiesel berbahan dasar limbah ikan menggunakan microwave dengan metode insitu,” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Pengabdian, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 992-999, 2021.

M. Farooq, A. Ramli, A. Naeem, S. Ahmad, and M. G. U. Islam, “Biodiesel production from date seed oil (Phoenix dactylifera L) via egg shell derived heterogeneous catalyst,” Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 132, pp. 644-651, 2021.

E. Prastyo, D. S. Farkhatus, and P. A. Ibrahim. “Pengaruh waktu reaksi terhadap yield dan kandungan metil ester sintesis biodiesel ampas tahu metode elektrokatalitik,” Jurnal Tekno Insentif, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 54-64, 2021.

D. Irawan, Z. Arifin, Fitriyana, C. Olivia, and M. Nopal, “Pengaruh rasio metanol dan KOH pada proses pembuatan biodiesel dengan metode elektrolisis menggunakan elektroda perak,” Seminar Nasional Inovasi dan Aplikasi Teknologi di Industri, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 268-272, 2019.

SNI, “Biodiesel SNI 7182:2015,” SNI- Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2015

M. T. M. Bintang, and A. Saleh, “Sintesis biodiesel dari minyak biji nyamplung (Callophyllum innophylum L.) dengan metode ultrasonokimia,” J. Chimica et Natura Acta., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 84-89, 2015.

S. Setiadji, N. Tanyela, T. Sudiarti, E. Prabowo, dan B. Wahid, “Alternatif pembuatan biodiesel melalui transesterifikasi minyak castor (Ricinus communis) menggunakan katalis campuran cangkang telur ayam dan kaolin,” J. Kim. Valen. Penel. Pengem. Ilmu Kim., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2017.

J. Suranta and Nurhayati, “Transesterifikasi minyak goreng bekas menjadi biodiesel menggunakan katalis CaO cangkang siput gonggong (Strombus canarium) diimpregnasi KOH: variasi waktu dan temperatur reaksi,” Repository Universitas Riau, pp. 1-7, 2020.

Rosmawaty, I. W. Supata, dan D. Kamanasa, ”Pemanfaatan katalis Ca3(PO4)2 dari tulang ikan tuna pada pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak bintanggur (Callophyllum inophyllum L),” Molluco J, Chem. Edu. Indonesia, vol. 8, no.1, pp. 12-24, 2017.

Furqon, A. K. Nugroho, and M. K. Anshorulloh, “Kajian penggunaan katalis KOH pada pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan reverse flow biodiesel reactor secara batch,” J. Rona Tek. Pertani. Indonesia, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 22-31, 2019.