Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Maskne in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v6i1.8015Keywords:
acne, COVID-19, mask, maskne, risk factorsAbstract
Background: The necessity to always use a mask in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a new term called maskne. Maskne is the appearance of acne that is triggered by wearing a mask. It usually occurs specifically in the area covered by the mask, focused on the cheeks, chin, and nose. Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of maskne. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the Faculty of Medicine students, Universitas Sumatera Utara class 2018. This study uses primary data from questionnaires and observation of respondents' face photos. Results: Based on statistical analysis, 99 out of 221 respondents (44.8%) experienced maskne. Bivariate analysis shows p-values <0.05 for gender, duration of mask use, and previous acne history. On the other hand, it was obtained p-value >0.05 for the type of mask and mask changing habit. Conclusion: Based on multivariate analysis, the p-value <0.05 for gender indicates that gender is the most dominant risk factor in the incidence of maskne. Furthermore, there is a significant association between gender and the occurrence of maskne. Females are twice as likely to experience maskne.
Downloads
References
Du Toit A. Outbreak of a novel coronavirus. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(3):123. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0332-0.
Patel KP, Patel PA, Vunnam SR, Hewlett AT, Jain R, Jing R. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: an update of current literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(11):2005–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03961-1.
World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report - 1. WHO Indonesia Situation Report. 2020 Mar;(1):1–6. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/who-indonesia-situation-report-1.pdf.
World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Masks [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks.
Teo WL. Diagnostic and management considerations for ‘maskne’ in the era of COVID-19. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(2):520–1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.09.063.
Hayat W, Malik LM, Mukhtar R, Khan MQ, Saeed A, Rashid T. ‘Maskne’ (Mask Induced Acne) in Health Care Professionals of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore During Covid-19 Pandemic. Pak Postgrad Med J. 2020;31(2):61–5.
Hidajat D. Maskne: Akne Akibat Masker. J Kedokteran. 2020;9(2):202–14.
Rosner E. Adverse effects of prolonged mask use among healthcare professionals during COVID-19. J Infect Dis Epidemiol. 2020;6(3):6–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510130.
Ramesh A, Thamizhinian K. A clinico-epidemiological study of mask induced facial dermatoses due to increased mask usage in general public during COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Res Dermatol. 2021;7(2):232. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20210574.
Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, et al., editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. Vol. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019.
Chaiyabutr C, Sukakul T, Pruksaeakanan C, Thumrongtharadol J, Boonchai W. Adverse skin reactions following different types of mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(3):e176–e178. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17039.
Zuo Y, Hua W, Luo Y, Li L. Skin reactions of N95 masks and medial masks among health-care personnel: A self-report questionnaire survey in China. Contact Dermatitis. 2020;83(2):145–147. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13555.
Dogan EI, Kaya F. Dermatological findings in patients admitting to dermatology clinic after using face masks during Covid-19 pandemia: A new health problem. Dermatol Ther. 2021;Mar:1–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14934.
Kim J, Yoo S, Kwon OS, Jeong ET, Lim JM, Park SG. Influence of quarantine mask use on skin characteristics: One of the changes in our life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Skin Res Technol. 2021;27(4):599–606. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12992.
Gomolin TA, Cline A, Russo M. Maskne: Exacerbation or Eruption of Acne During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Cutaneous Med. 2020;4(5):438–439. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25251/skin.4.5.7.
Jose S, Cyriac MC, Dhandapani M. Health Problems and Skin Damages Caused by Personal Protective Equipment: Experience of Frontline Nurses Caring for Critical COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Units. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021;23(2). Available from: [Link unavailable].
Kurt BÖ. The course of acne in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluation of possible risk factors. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;Oct:1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14530.
Yaqoob S, Saleem A, Jarullah FA, Asif A, Essar MY, Emad S. Association of Acne with Face Mask in Healthcare Workers Amidst the COVID-19 Outbreak in Karachi, Pakistan. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021;14(Oct):1427–1433. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s333221.
Lin P, et al. Adverse skin reactions among healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: A survey in Wuhan and its surrounding regions. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(1):190–192. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19089.
Jiajia L, et al. Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease 2019. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(5):1215–1216. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.024.
Singh M, et al. Personal protective equipment induced facial dermatoses in healthcare workers managing Coronavirus disease 2019. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(8):e378–e380. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16628.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Salsabila Az-Zahra, Nelva Kamilah Jusuf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
