Micromineral Content of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) Leaves Grown on Zeolite-Amended Sandy Soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/injar.v5i03.10038Keywords:
micromineral, sandy soil, soil amendment, Swiss chard, zeoliteAbstract
Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla), a popular leafy vegetable grown mainly for its ease of production and nutritional content, is normally used as a good source of microminerals iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Improving plant uptake of Fe and Zn could assist in reducing micromineral deficiencies in humans, which are a global problem. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch to assess the response in micromineral and soil trace elements uptake in Swiss chard grown under zeolite and sandy soil. The experiment consisted of four treatments, with six replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design. Zeolite was applied at 0%; 10%; 20% and 30% in combination with sandy soil. Swiss chard was harvested for micromineral analysis 143 days after transplanting. Soil samples were also collected at the end of each growing season. Swiss chard leaves were analysed for Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu content with soil samples also analysed for the same elements. The study found that zeolite did not improve Swiss chard uptake of Fe, Zn and Mn. Soil Fe also had an inverse relationship to zeolite application while the residual effect of zeolite showed the same trend, but only in the second season. This study indicated that zeolite cannot be used to improve micromineral uptake by Swiss chard but can be used to rectify heavy metal-infested soils.
Downloads
References
C. Bvenura, and A. J. Afolayan, “The role of wild vegetables in household food security in South Africa: A review,” Food Research International, vol. 76, pp. 1001-1011, 2015.
O. A. Sindesi, M. N. Lewu, B. Ncube, R. Mulidzi, and, F. B. Lewu, “Mineral composition of potted cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.) grown in zeolite amended sandy soil,” Agriculture, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 103-112, 2021.
M. M. Maboko, and, C. P. Du Plooy, “Effect of plant spacing and harvesting frequency on the yield of Swiss chard cultivars (Beta vulgaris L.) in a closed hydroponic system,” African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 936-942, 2013.
M. K. Bozokalfa, B. Yağmur, T. K. Aşçıoğul, and D. Eşiyok, “Diversity in nutritional composition of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. L. var. cicla) accessions revealed by multivariate analysis,” Plant Genetic Resources, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 557-566, 2011.
I. Maseko, T. Mabhaudhi, S. Tesfay, H.T. Araya, M. Fezzehazion, and C.P.D Plooy, “African leafy vegetables: A review of status, production and utilization in South Africa,” Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 1, 2017.
Gamba, M., Raguindin, P.F., Asllanaj, E., Merlo, F., Glisic, M., Minder, B., W. Bussler, B. Metzger, H. Kern, and, T. Muka, “Bioactive compounds and nutritional composition of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla and flavescens): a systematic review,” Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, vol. 61, no. 20, pp. 3465-3480, 2021.
Z. Mzoughi, H. Chahdoura, Y. Chakroun, M. Cámara, V. Fernández-Ruiz, P. Morales, H. Mosbah, G. Flamini, M. Snoussi, and H. Majdoub, “Wild edible Swiss chard leaves (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla): Nutritional, phytochemical composition and biological activities,” Food Research International, vol. 119, pp. 612–621, 2019.
R. M. Moloto, L. H. Moremi, P. Soundy, and, S. T. Maseko, “Biofortification of common bean as a complementary approach to addressing zinc deficiency in South Africans,” Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B—Soil and Plant Science, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 575-584, 2018.
R. Bernacchia, R. Preti, and G. Vinci, “Organic and conventional foods: Differences in nutrients,” Italian Journal of Food Science, vol. 28, no. 4, pp 565–578, 2016.
M. AlKhatib, A. Qutob, E. Kattan, H. Malassa, and M. Qutob, Heavy Metals Concentrations in Leafy Vegetables in Palestine, Case Study: Jenin and Bethlehem Districts,” Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 97-111, 2022.
D. A. Cataldo and R. E. Wildung, “Soil and plant factors influencing the accumulation of heavy metals by plants,” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 27, pp.149-159, 1978.
A. Yan, Y. Wang, S. N. Tan, M. L. M. Yusof, S. Ghosh, and Z. Chen, “Phytoremediation: a promising approach for revegetation of heavy metal-polluted land,” Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 11, article 359, 2020.
J. Singh, A. S. Kalamdhad, and B. K. Lee, “Effects of natural zeolites on bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals in the composting process of biodegradable wastes,” Zeolites Useful Miner, vol. 17, pp. 26-34, 2016.
D. Guaya, A. Mendoza, C. Valderrama, A. Farran, T. Sauras-Yera, and, J. L. Cortina, “Use of nutrient-enriched zeolite (NEZ) from urban wastewaters in amended soils: Evaluation of plant availability of mineral elements,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 727, 2020.
R. T Pabalan, and F. P. Bertetti, “Cation-exchange properties of natural zeolites,” Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 453-518, 2001.
G. Garau, P. Castaldi, L. Santona, P. Deiana, and P Melis, “Influence of red mud, zeolite and lime on heavy metal immobilization, culturable heterotrophic microbial populations and enzyme activities in a contaminated soil,” Geoderma, vol. 142, no. 1–2, pp. 47–57, 2007.
E. Madejón, A. P. de Mora, E. Felipe, P. Burgos, and F. Cabrera, “Soil amendments reduce trace element solubility in a contaminated soil and allow regrowth of natural vegetation,” Environmental Pollution, vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 40–52, 2006.
E. Erdem, N. Karapinar, and R. Donat, “The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 280, no. 2, pp. 309-314, 2004.
O. A. Sindesi, B. Ncube, M. N. Lewu A. R. Mulidzi, and F. B. Lewu, “ Cabbage and Swiss chard yield, irrigation requirement and soil chemical responses in zeolite-amended sandy soil,” Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2022 [Online]. Available: https://www.asianjab.com/cabbage-and-swiss-chard-yield-irrigation-requirement-and-soil-chemical-responses-in-zeolite-amended-sandy-soil/.
A. Badora, Z. Hubicki, and T. Filipek, “Effect of zeolites on experimental soil properties and chemical indicators of plants,” Przemysl Chemiczny, vol. 90, no. 9, pp. 1779-1783, 2011.
M. D. Dukes, R. Munoz-Carpena, L. Zotarelli, and J. M. Scholberg, “Soil moisture-based control to conserve water and nutrients under drip irrigated vegetable production,” Estudios de la Zona No Saturada del Suel, vol. 8. 2007.
Okalebo, J.R., Gathua, K.W. and Woomer, P.L., 2002. Laboratory methods of soil and plant analysis: a working manual second edition. Sacred Africa, Nairobi, 21, pp.25-26.
M. Hong, et al., “Heavy metal adsorption with zeolites: The role of hierarchical pore architecture,” Chemical Engineering Journal, 359, pp. 363-372, 2019.
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, World Health Organization & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants” presented at the 33rd meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Geneva, Switzerland, Mar. 21-30, 1989.
T. Chatzistathis, E. Papaioannou, A. Giannakoula, and I. E. Papadakis, “Zeolite and Vermiculite as Inorganic Soil Amendments Modify Shoot-Root Allocation, Mineral Nutrition, Photosystem II Activity and Gas Exchange Parameters of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) Plants,” Agronomy, vol. 11 no. 1, 2021.
M. R. Mahmoodabadi, A. M. Ronaghi, M. Khayyat, and G. Hadarbadi, “Effects of zeolite and cadmium on growth and chemical composition of soybean (Glycine max L.),” Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol. 10 no. 3, pp. 515-521, 2009.
E. V. Maas, D. P. Moore, and B. J. Mason, “Influence of calcium and magnesium on manganese absorption,” Plant physiology, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 796-800, 1969.
A. Ozbahce, A. F. Tari, E. Gönülal, N. Simsekli, and H. Padem, “The effect of zeolite applications on yield components and nutrient uptake of common bean under water stress,” Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 615-626, 2015.
S. Murtic, H. Civic, I. Koleska, R. Oljaca, F. Behmen, and J. Avdic, “Zinc and copper dynamics in the soil-plant system in intensive strawberry production,” International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1-7, 2017.
J. T. Saari, P. G. Reeves, W. T. Johnson, and L. K. Johnson, “Pinto beans are a source of highly bioavailable copper in rats,” The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 136, no. 12, pp. 2999-3004, 2006.
T. Darch, S. P. McGrath, M. R. Lee, D. A. Beaumont, M. S. Blackwell, C. A. Horrocks, J. Evans, and J. Storkey, J, “The mineral composition of wild-type and cultivated varieties of pasture species,” Agronomy, vol. 10, no 10, 2020.
R. Ghasemi-Fasaei, and A. Ronaghi, “Interaction of iron with copper, zinc, and manganese in wheat as affected by iron and manganese in a calcareous soil,” Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 839-848, 2008.
L. Li, Y. J. Zhang, A. Novak, Y. Yang, and J. Wang, “Role of biochar in improving sandy soil water retention and resilience to drought,” Water, vol. 13, no. 4, 2021.
P. G. Soti, K. Jayachandran, S. Koptur, and J. C. Volin, “Effect of soil pH on growth, nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizal colonization in exotic invasive Lygodium microphyllum,” Plant Ecology, vol. 216, no. 7, pp. 989-998, 2015.
M. Yuvaraj and K. S. Subramanian, “Development of slow release Zn fertilizer using nano-zeolite as carrier,” Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 311-320, 2018.
R. Jarosz, J. Szerement, K Gondek, and M. Mierzwa-Hersztek, “The use of zeolites as an addition to fertilisers–A review,” Catena, vol. 213, 2022.
B. Kalita, S. S. Bora, and B. Gogoi, 2020. “Zeolite: a soil conditioner,” International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1184-1206, 2020.
M. A. Barros, A. S. Zola, P. A. Arroyo, E. F. Sousa-Aguiar, and C. R. G. Tavares, “Binary ion exchange of metal ions in Y and X zeolites,” Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 20, pp. 413-421, 2003.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
