Response of Amaranthus cruenthus to Different Aeration Methods and Varying Irrigation Levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/injar.v5i2.6404Keywords:
African spinach, available water, AUE, edible yield, wilting point, WUEAbstract
Response of Amaranthus cruenthus to varying aeration methods (aeration of irrigation water (A1), air injection to crop root zone in soil before irrigation (A2), air injection to crop root zone in soil after irrigation (A3), and non aeration treatment (A0)) and irrigation levels (100% field capacity (FC) (W0), 75% FC (W1), 65% FC (W2) and 55 % FC (W3) were investigated. The results showed that varying irrigation as well as aeration levels had significant effects on the height of A. cruenthus while no significant difference was obtained in number of leaves across the field capacities during the growing period. The findings of this work showed that A. cruenthus was not sensitive to air treatment as expected. This is because lower number of leaves were obtained when air was either injected into the soil before or after irrigation as well as when air was injected into irrigation water at 4 and 7 weeks after planting. Plant height was maximum when no air was introduced to the plant at 4 Weeks After Planting. However, the number of leaves were highest at 65% FC throughout the growing period. The shoot, root and whole plant fresh weight were all significantly influenced by the aeration treatments but not FC except the root fresh weight. The edible yield (shoot fresh weight) was highest (48.55g) at 100% FC (W0). Also, when the irrigation water was injected with air (A1), the highest edible yield of 57.33 g was obtained. The highest Water Use Efficiency was exhibited at 100% FC (W0) while aeration of irrigation water (A1) gave the highest (26.06) Air Use E. 65% field capacity is best for planting A. cruenthus without negatively affecting the yield.
Â
Downloads
References
S.P. Bhattarai, N.H. Su, D.J. Midmore, “Oxygation unlocks yield potentials of crops in oxygen-limited soil environments,†Advances in Agronomy, vol. 88, pp. 313–377, 2005.
D. Goorahoo, D. Adhikari, D. Zoldoske, A. Mazzei, R. Fanucchi, Effect of AirJection TM irrigation on crop yield and soil properties. Paper presented at the ASA-CSSA 2006 International annual meetings, 12–16, 2006, Indianapolis. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2006am/techprogram/P25053.HTM.
S.P. Bhattarai, J. Dhungel, D.J. Midmore, “Oxygation improves yield and quality and minimizes internal fruit crack of cucurbits on a heavy clay soil in the semi-arid Tropics,†Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 2, no.3, pp. 17–25, 2010.
S.Y.C Essah, J.A. Delgado and R.D. Davidson, Air injection and potato performance under subsurface drip irrigation. Paper presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2009 international annual meetings, 1–5 November 2009, Pittsburgh. http://a-c-s.confex. com/crops/2009am/web
D. Goorahoo, D. Adhikari, N. Reddy, D. Zoldoske, Application of AirJection Ò irrigation in organic farming systems. Paper presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2007 international annual meetings, 4–8, 2007, New Orleans. http://a-c-s.confex. com/crops/2007am/techprogram/P36035.HTM.
F. Horchani, P. Gallusci, P. Baldet, C. Cecile, M. Mickael, R, “Dominique, Prolonged root hypoxia induces ammonium accumulation and decreases the nutritional quality of tomato fruits,†J Plant Physiol., vol.165, pp.1352–1359, 2008. DOI: 10.1038/srep39307.
T. Bai, C. Li, C. Li, D. Liang and F. Ma, “Contrasting hypoxia tolerance and adaptation in Malus species is linked to differences in stomatal behavior and photosynthesis,†Physiol Plant, vol.147, pp. 514–23, 2013.
R. Parameshwarareddy and S. Dhage, “Oxygation to Unlock Yield Potential of Crops,†A Review Agricultural Reviews, vol. 1, pp. 1-5, 2021. DOI: 10.18805/ag.R-2157.
M. P. M. Gil, E.R. Ferreyra, M.C. Barrera, E.C. Zúñiga and R.L. Gurovich, “Effect of injecting hydrogen peroxide into heavy clay loam soil on plant water status, net CO 2 assimilation, biomass, and vascular anatomy of avocado trees,†Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 69, no.1, pp. 97–106, 2009.
M.C. Drew, “Oxygen deficiency and root metabolism,†injury and acclimation under hypoxia and anoxia, “Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, vol.48(1), pp. 223–250, 1997. DOI 10.1146/annurev. Arplant.48.1.223.
T.T. Kozlowski, “Response of woody plants to flooding and salinity,†Tree Physiology. Monograph, vol.1, pp. 1–29, 1997.
B. Petigara, N. Blough, A. Mignerey, “Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in soils,†Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36(4), pp. 639–645, 2002. DOI 10.1021/es001726y.
S.P. Bhattarai, S. Huber,D.J. Midmore, “Aerated subsurface irrigation water gives growth and yield benefits to Zucchini, vegetable soybean and cotton in heavy clay soils,†Annals of Applied Biology, vol.144, no. 3, pp. 285–298, 2004.
H. Wang, J. Fan and W. Fu, “Effect of Activated Water Irrigation on the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat under Irrigation Deficit,†Agronomy, vol. 12, p. 1315, 2022
L.F. Zhu, S.M. Yu and Q.Y, “Jin, Effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice,†Rice Science. vol.19, no. 1, pp. 44-48, 2012.
F. Zhao, D.Y. Wang, C.M. Xu, W.J. Zhang, B.F. Li, and H.J. Mao, “Response of morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different oxygen-increasing patterns in rhizosphere,†Acta Agronomica Sinica. vol.2, pp. 303-312, 2010.
F. Zhao, W.J. Zhang, X.F. Zhang, D.Y. Wang, and C.M. Xu, “Effects of oxygen-increasing patterns in paddy field on rice grain-filling,†China Journal of Rice Science, vol. 25. No. 6, pp. 605-612, 2011.
G.L. Zhai, M.C. Lu, H. Wang, and A.H. Xiang, “Plugging of microirrigation system and its prevention,†Transactions of the CSAE. vol.15(1), pp. 150-153, 1999.
S.P. Bhattarai, L. Pendergast, D.J. Midmore, “Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils,†Scientia Horticulturae, vol.108, no. 3, pp. 278–288, 2006.
D. Goorahoo, G. Carstensen and D.F. Zoldoske, “Using air in sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) to increase yields in bell peppers,†International Water Irrigation. vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 39-42, 2002.
W.O. Niu, W.T. Fan, N. Persuad, and X.B Zhou, “Effect of post-irrigation aeration on growth and quality of greenhouse cucumber,†Pedosphere. vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 790-798, 2013.
J. Dhungel, S. P. Bhattarai and D. J, “Midmore, Aerated water irrigation (oxygation) benefits to pineapple yield, water use efficiency and crop health,†Advances in Horticultural Science. vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 3-16, 2012.
M. M. Shahien, M. E. Abuarab, E. Magdy, “Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of irrigated potato in sandy clay loam soil,†International Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 310–320, 2014.
L. Pendergast, S.P. Bhattarai, and D.J. Midmore, “Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip- rrigation water for cotton in a Vertosol,†Crop Pasture Science. vol. 64, pp. 1171-1181, 2013.
P. Vivek, R. Pandiselvam, and R. Rajendaran, “Yield maximization in radish crop through air injection drip irrigation system,†Trends Bioscience. vol. 8(15), pp. 3972-3975, 2015.
M. Torabi, Optimizing oxygen delivery in subsurface drip irrigation Unpublished Ph.D thesis: central Queensland Univ. Rockhampton. Australia: 2010.
N.N. Basak, Irrigation Engineering: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. New Delhi: 1999
H. A. Omran, I. R. Kareem, and R. S. Hassan, “Evaluation the Operation of a Drip Irrigation System in Different types of Soil,†Kufa Journal of Engineering, vol.7, no. 2, pp. 104-121, 2016.
K. Djaman, M. O’Neill, C.K. Owen, D. Smeal, K. Koudahe, M. West, S. Allen, K. Lombard and S. Irmak, Crop Evapotranspiration, “Irrigation Water Requirement and Water Productivity of Maize from Meteorological Data under Semiarid Climate,†Water vol.10(405), pp.1-17, 2022.
M.E. Okechukwu, C.C. Mbajiorgu and M.B. Kamai, "Development of Crop Coefficient Curve for Water Management of African Spinach (Amaranthus cruentus) Using Lysimeter Studies", Nigeria Association of Hydrological Sciences Annual Conference: Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, volume 6, 2015.
G. Ufoegbune, G. Adebiyi, and A. Adekunle, “Determination of Water Use of Three Vegetables; Amaranthus (Amaranthus cruenthus), Jutemallo (Corchorus olitorius) and Celosia (Celosia argentea) at Abeokuta, Nigeria,†J Environ Anal Toxicol, vol. 6, no. 374, pp. 2161–0525, 2016.
T. C. Chineke, M. Idinoba and O.C. Ajayi, “Seasonal evapotranspiration signatures under a changing landscape and ecosystem management in Nigeria,†Implications for agriculture and food security. Am. J. Sci. Ind. Res, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 191–204, 2011.
M. Dagnachew, A. Moges and A. Kassa, “Effects of Land Uses on Soil Quality Indicators: The Case of Geshy Subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia,†Journal of Applied and Environmental Soil Science, vol.1, pp. 1-12, 2019.
S.K. Pal, Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis: 2nd Ed, New India Publishing Agency. India, 2013
G.K. Berrie and K. Berrie, Tropical Plant Science: 2nd Ed, UK: Longman Group, 1990.
E.M.M. Jerónimo, P.J.P. Ribeiro, and I.F. Sebastião, “Amaranth grain production as affected by watering regimes and day length in southern Mozambique,†South African Journal of Plant and Soil, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 23-32, 2018
J.D. Owusu-Sekyere, and J. Andoh, Assessment of Deficit Irrigation on the growth and yield of some vegetable crops: Unpublished thesis. Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2010.
M. F. Zubillaga, R.S. MartÃnez, R. Camina, G. A. Orioli, M. Failla, M. A lder and D.A. Barrio, “Amaranth irrigation frequency in northeast Patagonia, Argentina,†Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 247-258, 2021.
U. Senyigit, A. Kadayifci, F.O. Ozdemir, H. Oz, and A. Atilgan, “Effects of different irrigation programs on yield and quality parameters of eggplant (Solanummelongena L.) under greenhouse conditions,†African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 34, pp. 6497-6503, 2011.
J. C. DÃaz-Pérez and T.E Eaton, “Eggplant (Solanummelongena L.) Plant growth and fruit yield as affected by drip irrigation rate,†Hortscience, vol. 50(11), pp. 1709- 1714, 2015.
A. Y. A. S. Serhat, “The Effects of Irrigation Regimes on the Yield and Water Use of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.),†Toprak Su Dergisi, vol.6(2), pp. 49-58, 2017.
R. O. Darko, S. Yuan, F. Kumi and F. Quaye, “Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Eggplant,†International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, vol. 4(5), pp. 45.50, 2019.
K. Birhanu and K. Tilahun, “Fruit yield and quality of drip-irrigated tomato under deficit irrigation,†African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 2139-2157, 2010.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
