Antioxidant Activity of Bioactive and Mineral Constituents of Jatropha curcas Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf and Seed Extract

Authors

  • Shedrach Yakubu Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-2966
  • Garbunga Gary Yebpella Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v6i1.15658

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a surge in research on natural products, particularly plant-based ones, for pharmaceutical formulations and food supplements. Natural products rich in bioactive components like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, and elemental minerals like Fe, Mg, Mn, and Cu, serve as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. This study investigates the antioxidant capacity of Jatropha curcas leaves and seeds and the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and mineral compositions of the plant’s leaves and seeds. The samples were collected and treated before being extracted through cool maceration in methanol. The antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts were evaluated using the DPPH Assay after their concentration was achieved using a rotary evaporator. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted to investigate the presence of phytochemicals in both the seed and leaves of J. curcas. The presence of elemental minerals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mg was investigated using AAS. The phytochemical analysis of J. curcas revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids in both leaves and seeds, while alkaloids and terpenoids were found in the leaves. The mineral composition indicates Mg levels of 1161.65 mg/Kg in leaves and 590.66 mg/kg in seeds, with Cu absent in leaves while Mn highest in leaves. The study found that Jatropha curcas leaves have the highest antioxidant activities (82.6%), competing with the ascorbic acid standard (86.2%), with less activity in seeds (52.7 %), suggesting the high potential of the leaves for pharmaceutical formulations and food supplements.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Volko M, Leibfritz D, Moncola J, Cronin M.I.D, Mazura M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidant in normal physiological functions and human disease. The international journal of Biotechnology and cell Biology. 2007; 39, 44-84.

Megan Dix. Everything about oxidative stress, Reviewed by Timothy J.Rufino M.S.M.R, Alves R.E, Brito E.S, Jimenez J.P, Colixto. 2017.

Rufino, M. S. M. R., Alves, R. E., Brito, E. S., Jimenez, J. P., Colixto, F. C., Filho, J. M. Bioactive compounds: antioxidant capacity of 18 non-traditional tropic fruits from Brazil. Food chemistry. 2010; 1221: 996-1002.

Shedrach Yakubu, Emmanuel E. Etim. modern Advances in Click Reactions and applications. Journal of Chemical Reactivity and Synthesis 2023: 13(2) 129-151 https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/ijhc/Article/921738

Divakara, B. N., Upadhyaya, H. D., Wani, S. P., and Gowda, C. L. L. Biology and genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L. Review journal; APPL Energy. 2010; 87: 732-742.

Achten W.M.J, Nielson L.R, Aerts R, Lengkeek A.G, Kjaer E.D, Trabucco A, Hansen J.K, Maes W.H, Gradual L, Akinnifesi F.K, Muys B. Towards domestication of Jatropha curcas. Biofuels. 2010; 1, 91-107.

Becker K, Makkar H.P.S.Jatropha curcas a potential source for tomorrow oil and biodiesel. Lipid Technology, 2008; 20; 104-107.

Carels N. Jatropha curcas a reviewed in; Kadar J.C, Delseny M (Eds). Advances in botanical research. 2009; 50, pp 39-86.

Abdelgadir H.A, Vanstanden J. Ethno botany, ethnophaemacology and toxicity of Jatropha curcas L (Euphorbiaceae). South African journal of botany. 2013; 88; 204-218.

Nahar K, and Ozoers Hampton. Jatropha; an alternative substitute to fossil fuel (IFAS publication number HS1193) Gains ville. 2011.

Abdelgadir H.A, Johnson S.D, Van Standen J. Pollinator effectiveness, breeding system and test for inbreeding depression in the biofuel seed crop, Jatropha curcas. The journal of horticultural science and biotechnology. 2009; 84; 319-324.

Juhas’z A.C.P, Pimenta S, Soares B.O, Batista M.D, Rabello D, Deoliveira H. Floral biology and artificial polinisation in physic nut in the north of Minas gerais state Brazil. 2009; 44(9); 1073-1077.

Kochhar S, Singh S.P, Kochhar V.K. Eeffect of auxins and associated biochemical changes during colonel propagation of the biofuel plants-jatropha curcas. Biomsas and bioenergy. 2008; 32; 1136-1143.

Ehsan Oskoueian, Norhani Abdullah, Syahida Ahmad, Wan Zuhainis Saad, Abdul Rahman Omar and Yin Wan Ho. Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Jatropha curcas L. Kernel Meal Extract Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011; 12; 5955-5970

Poongothai A, Sreena K.P, Sreejith K, Uthialingam M, Annapoorani. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Ficus rocemosa Linn. Bark extract. International journal of Pharm and Bioscience. 2011; 2(2); 431-434.

Mgbahunke A.A, Tasie A.O and Amadi C.N. A comparative study on the antioxidant and proteolytic activities of methanol extracts of Jatropha gossypifolia and Jatropha curcas leaves. World journal of pharmaceutical research 2018; 7(4); 78-90.

Watal Geeta, Manjulika Y, Sanjukta C, Sharad. Preliminary phytochemical screening of six medicinal plants used in traditional medicine. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical Sciences; 2014; 6(5)

Gupta M, Stiweta T, Anuradha S, and Sudhakar G. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of phytochemicals and pharmacological value of some Dye yielding medicinal plants. Oriental journal of chemistry. 2013; 29(2); 475-481.

M. T. Odey, Louis Hitler, Nzeata-ibe Nelson, Sunday Esther Aniedi, Udowo Victor Malachy, Ugor Joshua Ayinu and Oyo Ita E. Proximate analysis and mineral composition of Jatropha curcas seeds obtained from pankshin local government area of Plateau state. Nigeria. Journal of physical chemistry and biophysics. 2018; pp 8:1

Sillma Rampadarath, Daneshwar Puchooa, Rajesh Jeewon. Jatropha curcas L: Phytochemical, antimicrobial and larvicidal properties. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016; 6(10); 858–865 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.01.019

Zeb A. Concept, mechanism, and applications of phenolic antioxidants in foods. J Food Biochem. 2020;. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jfbc.13394

Lucero Méndez, Janne Rojas, César Izaguirre, Billmary Contreras, Rubén Gómez. Jatropha curcas leaves analysis, reveals it as mineral source for low sodium diets. Food Chemistry. 2014; 165; pp 575-577 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.124

Shikhar, V., Abhishek, G., Pradeep, K., Vertika, K., Sharad, S., A.K.S. Rawat. Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant study of Jatropha curcas Seeds. Pharmacology Journal; 2012 4(29); 50-54.

17

Published

2024-05-17