Effect of Chitosan Addition on Porosity of Rice Husk Calcium Silicate Used for Free Fatty Acid Adsorbent from Palm Oil

Saur Lumban Raja; Olwin Butarbutar

doi:10.32734/jcnar.v6i1.16222

Authors

Saur Lumban Raja Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Olwin Butarbutar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v6i1.16222

Keywords:

Calcium Silicate, Chitosan, Crude Palm Oil, Free Fatty Acid, Rice Husk

Abstract

Studies have been done on developing calcium silicate pores derived from rice husk with and without including chitosan as a template. The chitosan solution was supplemented with sodium silicate derived from rice husk, and then CaCl₂ was added. The calcium silicate was calcinated at 900ºC for 4 h. The calcium silicate obtained was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The XRD analysis showed the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to Wollastonite (CaSiO₃) crystals, Wollastonite 2m (CaSiO₃), Alite (Ca₃SiO₅), and larnite (Ca₂SiO₄). Next, the FT-IR spectrum exhibits Si-O-Si, Si-O-Ca, and Si-OH functional groups, suggesting the presence of calcium silicate material. The BET study of calcium silicate using chitosan templates revealed a pore size of 3.88 nm, a pore volume of 0.1577 cc/g, and a surface area of 81.1519 m²/g. The BET analysis results obtained differed from those of the BET analysis of calcium silicate conducted without using chitosan templates, which were 2.06 nm, 0.069 cc/g, and 13.531 m2/g, respectively. The developed mesoporous calcium silicate was employed as an adsorbent to decrease the concentrations of free fatty acids in palm oil. The acid-base titration method is used to evaluate quantities of free fatty acids. The results obtained from the computation of free fatty acid levels indicate a decline in the concentration of free fatty acids in palm oil. The concentration of free fatty acids derived from palm oil was 1.23%. Therefore, mesoporous calcium silicate-free fatty acids at a concentration of 1.06% resulted in an 86.1% reduction.

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