Failure Mechanism Identification of Hook Components in Automatic Machines Using Visual and Material Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v7i2.23428Keywords:
Brittle Fracture, Carbon Steel, Hook Failure, Impact Load, Material Analysis, Visual InspectionAbstract
The hook component in automatic packaging machines frequently experiences premature failure, leading to increased downtime, higher maintenance costs, and reduced production efficiency. This study aims to identify the failure mechanism of the hook through visual inspection, maintenance data analysis, and material characterization. Visual examination was conducted on broken hook specimens to identify fracture morphology and surface characteristics. Historical maintenance records from 2017 to 2024 were analyzed to identify the frequency and type of failure. Chemical composition testing was performed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), while Rockwell hardness testing (HRC) evaluated the material’s mechanical properties. The results revealed that the failure mode was categorized as brittle fracture, indicated by flat and granular fracture surfaces without plastic deformation. The main failure factor was the direct impact between the hook and the punch, caused by misalignment due to bearing wear. The material, classified as medium carbon steel with 0.599 wt.% C and 1.000 wt.% Mn, exhibited high hardness but low toughness, leading to a brittle fracture under impact loading. Surface hardening combined with light tempering and shot peening is recommended to improve wear resistance and toughness, thereby reducing the risk of brittle fracture.
Downloads
References
[1] J. Awali and Asroni, “Analisa Kegagalan Poros dengan Pendekatan Metode Elemen Hingga,” Turbo, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 39–44, 2013.
[2] N. N. Satiti et al., “Analisis Kegagalan Poros Track Roller Bearing pada Mesin Pembelah Bambu,” J. Rekayasa Mesin, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 223, 2023.
[3] H.-C. Qua et al., Applied Engineering Failure Analysis: Theory and Practice. New York: CRC Press, 2015.
[4] F. C. Campbell, Fatigue and fracture: understanding the basics. United States: ASM International, 2012.
[5] L. Geng, Y. Yu, J. Zhai, J. Liu, J. Jin, and Q. He, “Failure analysis of hook type grasping friction pair for automatic friction welding type strapping,” Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 180, p. 109846, 2025.
[6] R. C. Juvinall and K. M. Marshek, Fundamentals of Machine Component Design, 6th ed. Wiley, 2017.
[7] A. K. Das and S. Tarafder, “Failure analysis of industrial machine components under impact loading,” Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 92, pp. 102–112, 2018.
[8] S. Suresh, Fatigue of Materials, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[9] G. E. Totten, Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2006.
[10] J. R. Davis, ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels. ASM International, 1996.
[11] M. Meyers and K. Chawla, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
[12] G. Hutiu, V. Duma, and A. G. Podoleanu, “Assessment of Ductile , Brittle , and Fatigue Fractures of Metals Using Optical Coherence Tomography,” Metals (Basel)., vol. 8, no. 117, 2018.
[13] D. Hull and D. J. Bacon, Introduction to Dislocations, 5th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011.
[14] R. W. Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, 5th ed. Wiley, 2013.
[15] W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 10th editi., vol. 22, no. 1. United States of America: WILEY, 2017.
[16] M. A. Wahab and J. Y. Park, “Effect of misalignment on impact-induced failure of mechanical components,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., vol. 115–116, pp. 366–374, 2016.
[17] ASM International, ASM Handbook Volume 1: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High- Performance Alloys. ASM International, 1990.
[18] T. L. Anderson, Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, 4th ed. CRC Press, 2017.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Technomaterial Physics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
