Smart IoT-Based Feeding System with Solar Panel Integration as an Efficient Solution for Freshwater Fish Farming

Authors

  • Mardiana Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  • Idham Kamil Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  • Tuti Adi Tama Nasution Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  • Fera Damayanti Department of Computer Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  • Al Qadry Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v8i1.24851

Keywords:

Internet of Things (IoT), Automatic Fish Feeder, ESP32, Solar Energy, Aquaculture, Real-Time Monitoring

Abstract

Freshwater aquaculture plays a crucial role in supporting food security and economic growth; however, manual feeding practices often lead to irregular schedules, inefficient feed utilization, and increased labor requirements. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic fish feeding system integrated with a solar energy supply to improve operational efficiency and sustainability. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller, an ultrasonic sensor for feed level detection, and a servo motor as the feeding actuator. Remote monitoring and control are implemented through the Blynk application, enabling real-time scheduling and notification. The system is powered by a solar panel combined with battery storage to ensure continuous operation in outdoor aquaculture environments. Experimental results show that the system achieves a sensor error of 3.56%, a feeding delay of 2–4 seconds, and a response time of less than 2 seconds, indicating reliable real-time performance. The proposed system improves feeding accuracy, reduces feed waste, and minimizes labor dependency. In addition, integrating solar energy enhances system sustainability and enables deployment in off-grid aquaculture areas. Therefore, this system provides an efficient, reliable, and scalable solution for modern aquaculture management.

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Published

2026-05-31

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Technomaterial Physics

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Articles

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