IMMUNOPHATOGENESIS OF THE ORAL EPITHELIAL MUCOSAL DESTRUCTION DUE TO MONOMER METHYL METHACRYLATE EXPOSURE THROUGH HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION

IMUNOPATOGENESIS KERUSAKAN JARINGAN MUKOSA MULUT AKIBAT PAPARAN MONOMER METIL METAKRILAT MELALUI REAKSI HIPERSENSITIVITAS

Abstract

A basic material of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resins is methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer and
widely used in dental medicine. It is primarily used for removable orthodontic, partial and full denture appliances, and
also for dental fillings. The facts and results of the previous studies showed that MMA might act as irritant in certain
concentration, and also as immunogen or allergen. This study examined the immunopathogenesis of oral mucosal tissue
destruction in patients exposed to MMA, by detecting the concentrations of plasma IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, serum IgG and
IgE specific to MMA that mediated irritation and allergic reactions. The general objective of this research was to examine
the immunopathogenesis of oral mucosal tissue destruction in patients exposed to MMA. The study used observasional
case control study design. Laboratory tests for all samples were assessing plasma IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α using direct
sandwich ELISA technique. Serum IgG and IgE specific to MMA were assessed by indirect ELISA. It was concluded
that MMA is immunogenic in patients exposed to MMA that can induce IgG anti-MMA. Furthermore, this study also
proved that immunopathogenesis of oral mucosal tissue destruction in patients exposed to MMA did occur through
irritation and type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE, but occurred through type IV hypersensitivity reactions.