Implication of Mining Activities to Socio-economic Transformation Among Communities Adjacent to Mining Centers in Tanzania

Abstract

The Socio-economic transformation of communities adjacent to mines is indeterminate, necessitating this study amid the rapid expansion of mining activities in mineral-endowed areas. This paper identified the contribution of mining activities to the socio-economic transformation of people living adjacent to mining sites in Tanzania, specifically in Patamela, Saza, Maleza, and Mbangala villages of Songwe District in Songwe Region. A cross-sectional design and mixed-methods approach were adopted, while random and purposive sampling were used. Household questionnaires, key informant interviews, and observation were used to obtain data, while SPSS and content analysis were used for qualitative and quantitative data analysis, respectively. Communities adjacent to mining centers have generated income, replaced low-quality housing, and met livelihood needs. Through mining activities, households have also acquired natural, financial, and human capital. Nevertheless, environmental pollution, disease outbreaks, damage to houses and infrastructure, and soil and land degradation are more prevalent in these areas. To improve livelihood transformation in these mining-adjacent communities, it is essential to provide financial education, establish environmental restoration programs, facilitate diversified income sources, create local employment and self-employment opportunities, and strengthen local supply chains.