Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Nigella sativa as Herbal Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25867Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, inflammation, moringa oleifera, nigella sativa, inflamasi, stres oksidatifAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose concentrations resulting from impaired insulin production, reduced insulin responsiveness, or a combination of both conditions. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative imbalance and persistent inflammatory responses contribute substantially to the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consequently, medicinal plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have gained attention as potential supportive interventions.
Objective: This review aimed to evaluate published evidence regarding the antidiabetic properties of Moringa oleifera and Nigella sativa, particularly their influence on glucose metabolism, oxidative damage, and inflammatory pathways.
Methods: A narrative review was performed using articles retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and accredited scientific journals. Publications from 2015–2024 were screened according to predefined eligibility criteria. Of 87 records initially identified, 17 studies were selected for analysis.
Results: Available studies indicate that Moringa oleifera may assist glucose regulation through enzyme inhibition, improvement of insulin responsiveness, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Meanwhile, Nigella sativa and its principal bioactive constituent, thymoquinone, demonstrate glucose-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Both plants have also shown protective effects against tissue damage associated with diabetes. Conclusion: Current findings support the potential role of Moringa oleifera and Nigella sativa as adjunctive approaches in diabetes management. Nevertheless, additional well-designed clinical investigations are required to establish their therapeutic effectiveness and long-term safety.
Keyword: diabetes mellitus, inflammation, Moringa oleifera, Nigella sativa, oxidative stress
Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolik kronis yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kadar glukosa darah akibat gangguan sekresi insulin, penurunan sensitivitas insulin, atau kombinasi keduanya. Selain hiperglikemia, stres oksidatif dan inflamasi kronis diketahui berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan serta progresivitas diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Oleh karena itu, tanaman obat yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi semakin banyak diteliti sebagai terapi pendamping dalam pengelolaan diabetes.
Tujuan: Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan mengevaluasi bukti ilmiah mengenai potensi antidiabetik Moringa oleifera dan Nigella sativa, khususnya terkait pengaruhnya terhadap metabolisme glukosa, stres oksidatif, dan jalur inflamasi.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode narrative literature review. Artikel diperoleh dari basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, dan jurnal ilmiah terakreditasi. Publikasi tahun 2015–2024 diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Dari 87 publikasi yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 17 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis.
Hasil: Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Moringa oleifera berpotensi membantu pengendalian glukosa melalui penghambatan enzim pencernaan karbohidrat, peningkatan sensitivitas insulin, serta penguatan sistem antioksidan endogen. Sementara itu, Nigella sativa, terutama melalui kandungan thymoquinone, menunjukkan aktivitas antihiperglikemik, antioksidan, dan antiinflamasi melalui modulasi stres oksidatif dan mediator inflamasi. Kedua tanaman juga berpotensi memberikan efek protektif terhadap kerusakan jaringan akibat diabetes.
Kesimpulan: Moringa oleifera dan Nigella sativa memiliki potensi sebagai terapi komplementer pada diabetes melitus. Namun, penelitian klinis yang lebih terstandarisasi masih diperlukan untuk memastikan efektivitas dan keamanan penggunaannya dalam jangka panjang.
Keyword: diabetes melitus, inflamasi, Moringa oleifera, Nigella sativa, stres oksidatif
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Copyright (c) 2026 Tiffany Anggun Prasetyo, Mutiara Indah Sari, Tri Widyawati
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