The Potential of eCD4-Ig, Delivered by Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vector as a Novel Vaccine for HIV/AIDS Infection

Authors

  • Ghea Mangkuliguna School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v2i2.3922

Keywords:

AAV, AIDS, eCD4-IgG, HIV, vaccine, vaksin

Abstract

Background: HIV/AIDS has already become one of the world's major health issues taking its toll on millions of lives each year. Developing an HIV vaccine with excellent efficacy has become a global urgency that must be addressed immediately. Recently, researchers have successfully developed a more self-like molecule which is a fusion protein between human CD4 domains and immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc with a CCR5-mimetic sulfopeptide in the carboxy terminus. This molecule, eCD4-Ig, targets only the conserved regions of HIV Env and thus demonstrated the most remarkable potency and breadth so far. By using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, eCD4-Ig’s long-term expression in vivo can be achieved.

Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy of AAV-eCD4-Ig as both preventive and therapeutic vaccine for HIV/AIDS infection.

Methods: A systematic literature study was conducted with the database in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Proquest. No time and language restriction were applied.

Discussion: This review shows that eCD4-Ig eliminates HIV-infected cells through neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Moreover, eCD4-Ig is also capable of preventing HIV infection in vivo. Delivered with AAV, eCD4-Ig is maintained stably at both protective and therapeutic levels, as well as gives robust protection for rhesus macaques for almost a year long through a single injection.

Conclusion: This study offers evidences that AAV-eCD4-Ig appears to have the potential to be an effective vaccine to prevent HIV infection.

Keywords: AAV, AIDS, eCD4-Ig, HIV, vaccine

 

Latar Belakang: Pengembangan vaksin HIV yang efektif menjadi sangat penting mengingat tingginya angka kematian yang ditimbulkan oleh HIV/AIDS. Beberapa tahun terakhir, peneliti berhasil menemukan sebuah molekul yang tersusun atas domain CD4 manusia, immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc, dan sulfopeptida yang menyerupai CCR5. Molekul yang dinamakan eCD4-Ig ini menargetkan area konservatif dari HIV Env sehingga berpotensi untuk menjadi vaksin HIV yang efektif. Ekspresi eCD4-Ig akan dipertahankan menggunakan Adeno-associated Virus Vector (AAV).

Tujuan: Evaluasi efektivitas AAV-eCD4-Ig sebagai vaksin untuk HIV/AIDS.

Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan tinjauan pustaka dari beberapa database jurnal, yakni PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Proquest tanpa ada batasan waktu dan bahasa.

Pembahasan: eCD4-Ig membunuh sel-sel yang terinfeksi HIV melalui proses netralisasi dan antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). eCD4-Ig juga memberikan perlindungan terhadap infeksi HIV. Ekspresi AAV-eCD4-Ig sangat stabil untuk dosis protektif dan terapeutik, sekaligus melindungi rhesus macaques dari infeksi HIV selama hampir 1 tahun lamanya hanya dengan sekali injeksi.

Kesimpulan: AAV-eCD4-Ig memiliki potensi yang menjanjikan untuk menjadi vaksin HIV yang efektif bagi seluruh penderita HIV/AIDS di seluruh dunia.

Kata Kunci: AAV, AIDS, eCD4-Ig, HIV, vaksin

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Published

2021-02-12

How to Cite

1.
Mangkuliguna G. The Potential of eCD4-Ig, Delivered by Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vector as a Novel Vaccine for HIV/AIDS Infection. SCRIPTA SCORE Sci Med J. [Internet]. 2021Feb.12 [cited 2024Apr.25];2(2):133-9. Available from: https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta/article/view/3922

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal

Section

Review Article

Copyright (c) 2021 Ghea Mangkuliguna

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