Potensi Kombinasi Terapi Sel Punca Mesenkimal dengan Obat Antifibrotik sebagai Tata Laksana Fibrosis Paru Pasca COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v3i2.5390Keywords:
post-covid pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, nintedanib, pirfenidone, mesenchymal stem cell, fibrosis paru pasca-covid, sel punca mesenkimalAbstract
Background: COVID-19 has infected more than 88 million people worldwide. Researchers found that over one-third of patients who survived showed lung abnormalities related to pulmonary fibrosis post COVID-19. PF is a progressive disease responsible for reducing pulmonary function which ultimately causes death. Moreover, there is no definitive cure for the disease. Available antifibrotic drugs (nintedanib and pirfenidone) only slow down PF progression while having adverse effects of its own.
Objectives: In this review, we analyzed the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and antifibrotic drugs combination as therapy for PF and as reference for future research.
Methods: We ran through PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley, searching for studies related to the topic.
Discussions: From the literature review, we found that nintedanib and pirfenidone had finished phase III clinical trials with positive outcomes, but some significant adverse effects were discovered. We also found some preclinical MSCs studies conducted to show its efficacy. In addition, there were some phase I/IIa MSCs clinical trials that had established its safety. Outcomes of both types of MSCs studies were positive with minor adverse effects. Another preclinical research showed tremendously positive results while combining bone marrow-derived-MSCs and nintedanib to cure PF.
Conclusions: To conclude, these results show high potential in combining antifibrotic drugs with MSCs therapy. However, due to the limitations we found, future studies are warranted to evaluate and investigate these promising results. If proven successful, its implementation would help achieve better outcomes in PF patients and reduce its mortality, especially considering the foreseen surge of IPF in COVID-19 survivors.)
Keywords: post-covid pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, nintedanib, pirfenidone, mesenchymal stem cell
Latar Belakang: COVID-19 telah menginfeksi lebih dari 88 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Penelitian menemukan bahwa lebih dari sepertiga pasien yang sembuh menunjukkan abnormalitas paru terkait fibrosis paru pasca COVID-19 (FPPC). FPPC merupakan penyakit progresif yang menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru dan pada akhirnya menyebabkan kematian. Selain itu, belum ada obat yang mampu menyembuhkan penyakit ini. Obat yang tersedia saat ini (nintedanib dan pirfenidone) hanya bersifat memperlambat FPPC dan tetap memiliki efek sampingnya tersendiri.
Tujuan: Dalam tinjauan pustaka ini, penulis menganalisis potensi kombinasi sel punca mesenkimal (SPM) dan obat antifibrotik sebagai terapi FPPC serta sebagai referensi untuk penelitian ke depannya.
Metode: Penulis mencari studi yang relevan dengan topik dari PubMed, Scopus, dan Wiley.
Pembahasan: Dari tinjauan pustaka ini, penulis menemukan bahwa nintedanib dan pirfenidone telah menyelesaikan uji klinis fase III dengan hasil yang positif, tetapi juga ditemukan berbagai efek samping yang signifikan. Penulis juga menemukan studi praklinis SPM yang meneliti efikasinya. Selain itu, SPM telah melewati uji klinis fase I/IIa untuk menetapkan keamanannya. Kedua jenis studi tersebut menunjukkan hasil yang positif dengan efek samping minor. Studi praklinis juga menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi SPM dari sumsum tulang dan nintedanib memberikan hasil positif dalam menyembuhkan FPI.
Kesimpulan: Sebagai kesimpulan, kombinasi terapi obat antifibrotik dengan SPM menunjukkan potensi yang besar. Namun, dari berbagai literatur yang penulis temukan, studi lanjutan di masa depan masih sangat diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi potensi yang menjanjikan ini. Jika terbukti berhasil, pemanfaatannya dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih baik pada pasien FPI sekaligus mengurangi mortalitasnya, terutama pada pasien pasca COVID-19 yang angkanya diprediksi terus meningkat.
Kata Kunci: fibrosis paru pasca-covid, COVID-19, nintedanib, pirfenidone, sel punca mesenkimal
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Copyright (c) 2022 Kelvin Kohar, Hubert Andrew, Arden Gabrian
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