Unraveling the Complexities of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Authors

  • Archana Kumari Department of Biochemistry, Science College Patna University, Patna, Bihar, 144411, India
  • Satya Narayan jha Harsha Payi Singh College, Madhepur, Bihar, 847408, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v7i2.16035

Keywords:

Fertility, Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance, Ovulatory Dysfunction, PCOS

Abstract

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted nature of PCOS, exploring its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies. Key topics include the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in PCOS pathogenesis, the impact of hormonal imbalances on menstrual irregularities and fertility, and the association of PCOS with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, the review discusses current diagnostic criteria and controversies surrounding PCOS diagnosis, as well as evidence-based approaches to treatment, encompassing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and assisted reproductive technologies. By synthesizing current knowledge and emerging research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PCOS for clinicians, researchers, and individuals affected by this prevalent endocrine disorder.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Manu, T. Soni, Victoria, & P.K. Prabhakar. “Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome,” IntechOpen, 2022. http://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101921

S. Karkera, E. Agard, & L. Sankova. “The clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the treatment options,” European Journal of Biology and Medical Science Research, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 57-91, 2023.

Y. Mishra, H.I.M. Amin, V. Mishra, M. Vyas, P.K. Prabhakar, M. Gupta, et al. “Application of nanotechnology to herbal antioxidants as improved phytomedicine: An expanding horizon,” Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol. 153, 113413, 2022.

P.K. Prabhakar, K. Singh, D. Kabra, & J. Gupta. “Natural SIRT1 modifiers as promising therapeutic agents for improving diabetic wound healing,” Phytomedicine, vol. 76, 153252, 2020.

P.K. Prabhakar, D. Nath, S. Singh, A. Mittal, & D.S. Baghel. “Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal anti-acne combination by using in-vitro model,” Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 4747-4751, 2020.

R. Dubey, P.K. Prabhakar, & J. Gupta. “Epigenetics: Key to improve delayed wound healing in type 2 diabetes,” Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 477 no. 2, pp. 371-383, 2022.

D. Nandi, A. Sharma, & P.K. Prabhakar. “Nanoparticle-assisted therapeutic strategies for effective cancer management,” Current Nanoscience, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 42-50, 2020.

H. Chaudhary, J. Patel, N.K. Jain, & R. Joshi. “The role of polymorphism in various potential genes on polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility and pathogenesis," Journal of ovarian research, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 125, 2021.

N.E. Baskind, & A.H. Balen. “Hypothalamic–pituitary, ovarian and adrenal contributions to polycystic ovary syndrome,” Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 37, pp. 80-97, 2016.

X. Chen, Z. Xiao, Y. Cai, L. Huang, & C. Chen. “Hypothalamic mechanisms of obesity-associated disturbance of hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis,” Trends in endocrinology & metabolism, vol. 33, no.3, pp. 206-217, 2022.

G.N. Allahbadia & R. Merchant. “Polycystic ovary syndrome and impact on health,” Middle East Fertility Society Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 19-37, 2011.

G.A. Laughlin, A.J. Morales, & S.S.C. Yen. “Serum leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 1692-1696, 1997.

V. Wieser, A.R. Moschen, & H. Tilg. “Inflammation, cytokines and insulin resistance: a clinical perspective” Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis, vol. 61, pp. 119-125, 2013.

S.R. Commerford, M.E. Bizeau, H. McRae, A. Jampolis, J.S. Thresher, & M.J. “Pagliassotti. Hyperglycemia compensates for diet-induced insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle of rats”. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol. 281, no. 5, pp. R1380-R1389, 2021.

A. Dunaif, J. Mandeli, H. Fluhr, & A. Dobrjansky. “The impact of obesity and chronic hyperinsulinemia on gonadotropin release and gonadal steroid secretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 131-139, 1988.

K. Khatlani, V. Njike, & V.C. Costales. “Effect of lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 473-485, 2019.

S.R. Hammes, & E.R. Levin. “Impact of estrogens in males and androgens in females,” The Journal of clinical investigation, vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 1818-1826, 2019.

J.P. Del Río, M.I. Alliende, N. Molina, F.G. Serrano, S. Molina, & P. Vigil. “Steroid hormones and their action in women's brains: the importance of hormonal balance,” Frontiers in public health, vol. 6, 335107, 2018.

A.C.H. Neven, J. Laven, H.J. Teede, & J.A. Boyle. ”A summary on polycystic ovary syndrome: diagnostic criteria, prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management according to the latest international guidelines,” In Seminars in reproductive medicine, Thieme Medical Publishers, vol. 36, no. 01, pp. 005-012, Jan. 2018.

P.M. Spritzer, C.R. Barone, & F.B. de Oliveira. “Hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology and management,” Current pharmaceutical design, vol. 22, no. 36, pp. 5603-5613, 2016.

S. Zandi, S. Farajzadeh, & H. Safari. “Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with acne: hormone profiles and clinical findings,” Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists, vol. 20, no.4, pp. 194-198, 2010.

H.I. Ali, M.E. Elsadawy, & N.H. Khater. “Ultrasound assessment of polycystic ovaries: ovarian volume and morphology; which is more accurate in making the diagnosis?!,” The Egyptian journal of radiology and nuclear medicine, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 347-350, 2016.

Published

2024-05-01

How to Cite

1.
Archana Kumari, Satya Narayan jha. Unraveling the Complexities of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Sumat. Med. J. [Internet]. 2024May1 [cited 2024Jul.27];7(2):96-105. Available from: https://talenta.usu.ac.id/smj/article/view/16035

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Sumatera Medical Journal (SUMEJ)

Section

Review Article

Copyright (c) 2024 Sumatera Medical Journal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Sumatera Medical Journal (SUMEJ) and Faculty of Medicine as well as TALENTA Publisher Universitas Sumatera Utara as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, will be allowed only with a written permission from Sumatera Medical Journal (SUMEJ).

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here.
The copyright form should be signed originally and sent to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail or scanned document.