Comparative analysis of HIV epidemiology and program coverage in ASEAN countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/trophico.v6i1.26658Keywords:
HIV, AIDS, ART, PMTCT, ASEANAbstract
HIV/AIDS remains a substantial public health challenge in the ASEAN region. Although ASEAN countries have committed to achieving the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets, significant variation persists in HIV epidemiology and program coverage across member states. This study aims to compare sociodemographic characteristics, epidemiology, and HIV program coverage among ASEAN countries. A descriptive comparative approach was employed using secondary data from UNAIDS, WHO, UNDP, and the World Bank. Variables analyzed included demographic indicators, human development, economic capacity, health financing, HIV epidemiology, antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). (Results) The findings revealed wide disparities in demographic indicators, health financing, HIV epidemiology, and program coverage among ASEAN member states. Thailand reported the highest HIV prevalence, while the Philippines recorded the highest number of new infections. Thailand and Indonesia had the largest populations of people living with HIV. Cambodia, Malaysia, and Thailand demonstrated the highest ART and PMTCT coverage, whereas other countries reported relatively lower service coverage (Conclusions) The HIV epidemic and program coverage in ASEAN remain marked by substantial disparities. Strengthening health systems, expanding comprehensive HIV care, and enhancing regional collaboration are critical to accelerating progress toward the 2030 AIDS elimination target.
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