Cervical Cancer Risk Factors at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan 2016-2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v4i1.3305Keywords:
Cervical Cancer, Characteristic, Risk factorAbstract
The incidence of cervical cancer is still quite high. It is never separated from the risk factors that influence it. Some of them are sexually active, relatively young marital age, have high parity, use of contraception, and smoking can increase a woman's potential for cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients about the risk factors for cervical cancer in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan in 2016-2018. This research method uses descriptive observational design with cross sectional using medical record data. The results of this study using consecutive sampling techniques, took 100 samples and obtained several characteristics are age of patients, age of marriage, marriage history, number of parities, use of contraception, and smoking history. From this study it can be concluded that the characteristics of the incidence of cervical cancer in the General Hospital of Haji Adam Malik Medan in 2016-2018 are 50-59 years old, marital age ≤ 20 years old, married once, multigravida, uses injection type of hormonal contraception , and not smoking .
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1]World Health Organization, WHO Cancer Control Programme, 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/cancer/en. [Accessed: Apr. 4, 2019].
[2]American Cancer Society, What Is Cancer?, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-basics/what-is-cancer.html. [Accessed: Apr. 4, 2019].
[3]Diananda, R., Panduan Lengkap Mengenal Kanker, 1st edn, Mirza Media Pustaka, Yogyakarta, 2009.
[4]Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rabelo, M., Parkin, D.M., Forman, D., dan Bray, F., “Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012,†International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 5, p. E364, 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25220842. [Accessed: Apr. 4, 2019].
[5]Makuza, J., Nsanzimana, S., Muhimpundu, M., Pace, L., Ntaganira, J. dan Riedel, D., “Prevalence and risk factors for cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in Rwanda,†Pan African Medical Journal, vol. 22, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662515/. [Accessed: May 25, 2019].
[6]Lubis, R.C., Faktor Risiko yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Kanker Serviks pada Wanita di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Pirngadi Medan Tahun 2017, pp. 86-87, 2018. [Online]. Available at: http://repositori.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/1825/157032090.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. [Accessed: May 5, 2019].
[7]Gattoc, L., Viswanathan, A., Perez, C., Tew, W. dan Makhija, S., “Cervical Cancer,†Cancer Network, Nov. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancernetwork.com/authors/leda-gattoc-md. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[8]Hidayat, E., Sari, D. dan Fitriyati, Y., “Hubungan Kejadian Kanker Serviks Dengan Jumlah Paritas di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Tahun 2013,†Jurnal kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia, vol. 6, no. 3, pp.128-136, 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299372473_HUBUNGAN_KEJADIAN_KANKER_SERVIKS_DENGAN_JUMLAH_PARITAS_DI_RSUD_DR_MOEWARDI_TAHUN_2013. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[9]Manoppo, I., “Hubungan Paritas Dan Usia Ibu Dengan Kanker Serviks Di RSU Prof. Kandou Manado Tahun 2014,†Jurnal Skolastik Keperawatan, vol.1, no.1, pp.46-58, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/130645/hubungan-paritas-dan-usia-ibu-dengan-kanker-serviks-di-rsu-prof-kandou-manado-ta.[Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[10]World Health Organization, Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[11]Rasjidi, I., Manual prakanker serviks, 1st edn., CV. Sagung Seto, Jakarta, 2008.
[12]Sadewa, P. & Iskandar., “Hubungan Antara Kejadian Kanker Serviks Uteri Dengan Faktor Risiko Menikah Usia Muda,†Jurnal Media Medika Muda, 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/115339-ID-hubungan-antara-kejadian-kanker-serviks.pdf. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[13]Rositch, A., Burke, A., Viscidi, R., Silver, M., Chang, K. and Gravitt, P., “Contributions of Recent and Past Sexual Partnerships on Incident Human Papillomavirus Detection: Acquisition and Reactivation in Older Womenâ€. Cancer Research, vol.72, no.23, pp.6183-6190, 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3513486/. [Accessed: Nov. 9,2019].
[14]Liu, Z., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Ye, X. dan Chen, S., “Multiple Sexual Partners as a Potential Independent Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer: a Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies,†Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 3893-3900, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277087647_Multiple_Sexual_Partners_as_a_Potential_Independent_Risk_Factor_for_Cervical_Cancer_a_Meta-analysis_of_Epidemiological_Studies. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[15]Canadian Cancer Society, Risk factors for cervical cancer, 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/cervical/risks/?region=on#OCs.[Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[16]Darmayanti, D., Hapisah, H. dan Kirana, R., “Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kanker Leher Rahim di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin,†Jurnal Kesehatan, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.172-177, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/102. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[17]Damayanti, I., “Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Kanker Serviks di RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru Tahun 2008-2010,†Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.88-93, 2013. [Online]. Available at: http://jurnal.htp.ac.id/index.php/keskom/article/download/51/40/. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[18]Mayrita, S.N. & Handayani, N., “Hubungan Antara Paritas Dengan Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di Yayasan Kanker Wisnuwardhana Surabaya,†Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 8-14, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://journal2.unusa.ac.id/index.php/JHS/article/view/446. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[19]Herlana, F., Nur, I.M. dan Purbaningsih, W., “Karakteristik Pasien Kanker Serviks berdasar atas Usia, Paritas, dan Gambaran Histopatologi di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung,†Jurnal Bandung Meeting on Global Medicine & Health (BaMGMH), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 138-142, 2017. [Online]. Available at: http://proceeding.unisba.ac.id/index.php/BaMGMH/article/view/1481. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[20]Anisantaria, A., Nugrahalia, M. and Sartini, S., “Hubungan Jumlah Paritas Anak Dengan Angka Kejadian Kanker Leher Rahim Di DR. Pirngadi Medan,†Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan (BioLink), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 147-155, 2016. [Online]. Available at: http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/biolink/article/view/805. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[21]National Cancer Institute, Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pills) and Cancer Risk, 2018. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[22]Halimatusyaadiah, S., “Faktor-Faktor Risiko Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi NTB Tahun 2013-2014,†Jurnal Media Bina Ilmiah, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 58-62, 2016. [Online]. Available at: http://www.lpsdinamataram.com. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[23]Andrijono., Kanker Serviks, divisi onkologi Departemen Obstetri dan Gynecolog, 1st edn, Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran UI, Jakarta, 2007.
[24]Nugrahaningtyas, R., “Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Dan Obesitas Dengan Kejadian Kanker Leher Rahim Di RSUD Kabupaten Sukoharjo - UMS ETD-db,†Eprints.ums.ac.id, 2018. [Online]. Available at: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/29077/. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[25]Lestari, Y., Perilaku Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Perokok Wanita di Kota Surakarta [Skripsi]. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2010.
[26]Septiana, W., “Hubungan Antara Perilaku Merokok Dan Personal Hygiene Organ Reproduksi Dengan Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Kota Surakarta,†Eprints.ums.ac.id, 2018. [Online]. Available at: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/68656/1/NASKAH%20PUBLIKASI.pdf. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[27]Dewi, G.,Sawitri, A. dan Adiputra, N., “Paparan Asap Rokok dan Higiene Diri Merupakan Faktor Risiko Lesi Prakanker Leher Rahim di Kota Denpasar Tahun 2012,†Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 84-91, 2013. [Online]. Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/21520-ID-paparan-asap-rokok-dan-higiene-diri-merupakan-faktor-risiko-lesi-prakanker-leher.pdf. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[28]Trifitriana, M., Sanif, R. and Husin, S.,â€Faktor Risiko Kanker Serviks Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan dan Rawat Inap Di Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang,†Biomedical Journal of Indonesia : Jurnal Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Swirijaya, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11-19, 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/bji/article/view/8589. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[29]Yuniar, I., Saryono, dan Rohani, F., “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di Puskesmas Karanganyar,†Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 109-118, 2009. [Online]. Available at: https://ejournal.stikesmuhgombong.ac.id/index.php/JIKK/article/view/57. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[2]American Cancer Society, What Is Cancer?, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-basics/what-is-cancer.html. [Accessed: Apr. 4, 2019].
[3]Diananda, R., Panduan Lengkap Mengenal Kanker, 1st edn, Mirza Media Pustaka, Yogyakarta, 2009.
[4]Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rabelo, M., Parkin, D.M., Forman, D., dan Bray, F., “Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012,†International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 5, p. E364, 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25220842. [Accessed: Apr. 4, 2019].
[5]Makuza, J., Nsanzimana, S., Muhimpundu, M., Pace, L., Ntaganira, J. dan Riedel, D., “Prevalence and risk factors for cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in Rwanda,†Pan African Medical Journal, vol. 22, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662515/. [Accessed: May 25, 2019].
[6]Lubis, R.C., Faktor Risiko yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Kanker Serviks pada Wanita di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Pirngadi Medan Tahun 2017, pp. 86-87, 2018. [Online]. Available at: http://repositori.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/1825/157032090.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. [Accessed: May 5, 2019].
[7]Gattoc, L., Viswanathan, A., Perez, C., Tew, W. dan Makhija, S., “Cervical Cancer,†Cancer Network, Nov. 1, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancernetwork.com/authors/leda-gattoc-md. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[8]Hidayat, E., Sari, D. dan Fitriyati, Y., “Hubungan Kejadian Kanker Serviks Dengan Jumlah Paritas di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Tahun 2013,†Jurnal kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia, vol. 6, no. 3, pp.128-136, 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299372473_HUBUNGAN_KEJADIAN_KANKER_SERVIKS_DENGAN_JUMLAH_PARITAS_DI_RSUD_DR_MOEWARDI_TAHUN_2013. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[9]Manoppo, I., “Hubungan Paritas Dan Usia Ibu Dengan Kanker Serviks Di RSU Prof. Kandou Manado Tahun 2014,†Jurnal Skolastik Keperawatan, vol.1, no.1, pp.46-58, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/130645/hubungan-paritas-dan-usia-ibu-dengan-kanker-serviks-di-rsu-prof-kandou-manado-ta.[Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[10]World Health Organization, Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[11]Rasjidi, I., Manual prakanker serviks, 1st edn., CV. Sagung Seto, Jakarta, 2008.
[12]Sadewa, P. & Iskandar., “Hubungan Antara Kejadian Kanker Serviks Uteri Dengan Faktor Risiko Menikah Usia Muda,†Jurnal Media Medika Muda, 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/115339-ID-hubungan-antara-kejadian-kanker-serviks.pdf. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[13]Rositch, A., Burke, A., Viscidi, R., Silver, M., Chang, K. and Gravitt, P., “Contributions of Recent and Past Sexual Partnerships on Incident Human Papillomavirus Detection: Acquisition and Reactivation in Older Womenâ€. Cancer Research, vol.72, no.23, pp.6183-6190, 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3513486/. [Accessed: Nov. 9,2019].
[14]Liu, Z., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Ye, X. dan Chen, S., “Multiple Sexual Partners as a Potential Independent Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer: a Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies,†Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 3893-3900, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277087647_Multiple_Sexual_Partners_as_a_Potential_Independent_Risk_Factor_for_Cervical_Cancer_a_Meta-analysis_of_Epidemiological_Studies. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[15]Canadian Cancer Society, Risk factors for cervical cancer, 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/cervical/risks/?region=on#OCs.[Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[16]Darmayanti, D., Hapisah, H. dan Kirana, R., “Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kanker Leher Rahim di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin,†Jurnal Kesehatan, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.172-177, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/102. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[17]Damayanti, I., “Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Kanker Serviks di RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru Tahun 2008-2010,†Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.88-93, 2013. [Online]. Available at: http://jurnal.htp.ac.id/index.php/keskom/article/download/51/40/. [Accessed: Nov. 3, 2019].
[18]Mayrita, S.N. & Handayani, N., “Hubungan Antara Paritas Dengan Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di Yayasan Kanker Wisnuwardhana Surabaya,†Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 8-14, 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://journal2.unusa.ac.id/index.php/JHS/article/view/446. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[19]Herlana, F., Nur, I.M. dan Purbaningsih, W., “Karakteristik Pasien Kanker Serviks berdasar atas Usia, Paritas, dan Gambaran Histopatologi di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung,†Jurnal Bandung Meeting on Global Medicine & Health (BaMGMH), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 138-142, 2017. [Online]. Available at: http://proceeding.unisba.ac.id/index.php/BaMGMH/article/view/1481. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[20]Anisantaria, A., Nugrahalia, M. and Sartini, S., “Hubungan Jumlah Paritas Anak Dengan Angka Kejadian Kanker Leher Rahim Di DR. Pirngadi Medan,†Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan (BioLink), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 147-155, 2016. [Online]. Available at: http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/biolink/article/view/805. [Accessed: Nov. 9, 2019].
[21]National Cancer Institute, Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pills) and Cancer Risk, 2018. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[22]Halimatusyaadiah, S., “Faktor-Faktor Risiko Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi NTB Tahun 2013-2014,†Jurnal Media Bina Ilmiah, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 58-62, 2016. [Online]. Available at: http://www.lpsdinamataram.com. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[23]Andrijono., Kanker Serviks, divisi onkologi Departemen Obstetri dan Gynecolog, 1st edn, Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran UI, Jakarta, 2007.
[24]Nugrahaningtyas, R., “Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Dan Obesitas Dengan Kejadian Kanker Leher Rahim Di RSUD Kabupaten Sukoharjo - UMS ETD-db,†Eprints.ums.ac.id, 2018. [Online]. Available at: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/29077/. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[25]Lestari, Y., Perilaku Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Perokok Wanita di Kota Surakarta [Skripsi]. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2010.
[26]Septiana, W., “Hubungan Antara Perilaku Merokok Dan Personal Hygiene Organ Reproduksi Dengan Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Kota Surakarta,†Eprints.ums.ac.id, 2018. [Online]. Available at: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/68656/1/NASKAH%20PUBLIKASI.pdf. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[27]Dewi, G.,Sawitri, A. dan Adiputra, N., “Paparan Asap Rokok dan Higiene Diri Merupakan Faktor Risiko Lesi Prakanker Leher Rahim di Kota Denpasar Tahun 2012,†Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 84-91, 2013. [Online]. Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/21520-ID-paparan-asap-rokok-dan-higiene-diri-merupakan-faktor-risiko-lesi-prakanker-leher.pdf. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[28]Trifitriana, M., Sanif, R. and Husin, S.,â€Faktor Risiko Kanker Serviks Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan dan Rawat Inap Di Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang,†Biomedical Journal of Indonesia : Jurnal Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Swirijaya, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11-19, 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/bji/article/view/8589. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
[29]Yuniar, I., Saryono, dan Rohani, F., “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Kanker Serviks Di Puskesmas Karanganyar,†Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 109-118, 2009. [Online]. Available at: https://ejournal.stikesmuhgombong.ac.id/index.php/JIKK/article/view/57. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2019].
Published
2020-12-20
How to Cite
1.
Cervical Cancer Risk Factors at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan 2016-2018. Sumat. Med. J. [Internet]. 2020Dec.20 [cited 2024Dec.22];4(1). Available from: https://talenta.usu.ac.id/smj/article/view/3305
Issue
Section
Research Article
Copyright (c) 2021 Sumatera Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Sumatera Medical Journal (SUMEJ) and Faculty of Medicine as well as TALENTA Publisher Universitas Sumatera Utara as publisher of the journal.
Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, will be allowed only with a written permission from Sumatera Medical Journal (SUMEJ).
The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here.
The copyright form should be signed originally and sent to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail or scanned document.
