Gumelar Senjakala Pranata Mangsa: Transformasi Kognitif dan Perubahan Struktur Sosial Petani Jawa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/jkakp.v3i1.15676Keywords:
Pranata Mangsa, Revolusi Hijau, Ideologi, Lois Althusser, Transformasi KognitifAbstract
Abstrak
Revolusi hijau tahun 1970 telah mengubah kultur pertanian di Jawa. Kini, sistem pertanian di Jawa telah beralih ke sistem pertanian modern dan meninggalkan praktik-praktik pertanian tradisonal. Situasi ini berimbas pada pergeseran pranata mangsa sebagai sistem pengetahuan pertanian tradisional Jawa. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih dalam fenomena tersebut melalui penelitian intensif yang berlokasi di desa Joho, kecamatan Kalidawir, kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa timur. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi lapangan dan pustaka. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode hermeneutika filosofis yang dipadukan dengan perspektif Louis Althusser tentang Ideologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, 1) Revolusi hijau menyimpan hikayat konflik ideologi antara kapitalisme dan komunisme, keduanya saling berebut pengaruh kekuasaan secara politik, ekonomi dan budaya di negara dunia ketiga. 2) Imbas dari konflik ideologi menyababkan transformasi kognitif dan struktur sosial masyarakat yang akhirnya menggeser sistem pertanian tradisonal menjadi teknologi modern. 3) Pergeseran kognitif dan sistem pertanian tersebut pada akhirnya menyebabkan posisi pranata mangsa terancam hilang di dalam ruang sosial-budaya masyarakat desa Joho, hingga saat ini indegenouse knowledge tersebut hanya tersisa kenangan dalam ingatan segelintir warga.
kata kunci: Pranata Mangsa, Revolusi Hijau, Ideologi, Lois Althusser, Transformasi Kognitif.
Abstract
The Green Revolution of 1970 has transformed the agricultural culture in Java. Today, the farming system in Java has shifted to modern agriculture, leaving behind traditional farming practices. This situation has impacted the shift in the institution of ‘pranata mangsa’ as the traditional agricultural knowledge system in Java. This article aims to delve deeper into this phenomenon through intensive research located in the village of Joho, Kalidawir district, Tulungagung regency, East Java. This qualitive-descritive research employs a field and literature study approach. Data is gathered through observation, interviews, and literature review. Data analysis is conducted using a combination of philosophical hermeneutics method and Louis Althusser’s perspective on ideology. The research findings indicate: 1) The Green Revolution embodies the narrative of ideological conflict between capitalism and communism, both vying for political, economic, and cultural influence in third world countries. 2) The repercussions of ideological conflict lead to cognitive transformation and social structure changes in the community, ultimately shifting from traditional farming systems to modern technology. 3) This cognitive shift and change in farming systems ultimately threaten the position of ‘pranata mangsa’ within the socio-cultural space of the Joho village community, and currently, indigenous knoeledge is only reminisced by a few villagers.
Keywords: Pranata Mangsa, Green Revolution, Ideology, Louis Althusser, Cognitive Transformation.
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